ÂU CƠ

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      ÂU CƠ (嫗姬) was, according to the creation myth of the Vietnamese people, an immortal mountain fairy who married Lạc Long Quân (“Dragon Lord of Lac“), and bore an egg sac that hatched a hundred children known collectively as Bách Việt, ancestors to the Vietnamese people. ÂU CƠ is often honored as the mother of Vietnamese civilization.1,2

Mythology

       ÂU CƠ was a young, beautiful fairy who lived high in the mountains. She traveled to help those who suffered from sicknesses since she was very skillful in medicine and had a sympathetic heart. One day, a monster suddenly appeared before her while she was on her traveling, it then frightened her, so she tried to escape by transforming into a crane to fly away. LẠC LONG QUÂN, the dragon king from the sea, passed by and saw the beautiful lady in danger, so he grabbed a rock from nearby and killed the monster. When ÂU CƠ stopped flying to see the very person that saved her, she turned back into a fairy and instantly fell in love with her benefactor. She soon bore an egg sac, from which hatched a hundred children. However, despite their love for each other, ÂU CƠ had always desired to be in the mountains again and LẠC LONG QUÂN, too, yearned for the sea. They separated, each taking 50 children. ÂU CƠ settled in mountainous northern Vietnam where she raised fifty young, intelligent, strong leaders, later known as the Hùng Vương, Hùng kings.3,4

In Vietnamese literature

The books Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (from the 15th century) and Lĩnh Nam chích quái (Wonders plucked from the dust of Linh-nam, from the 14th century) mention the legend.5 In Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, ÂU CƠ is the daughter of Đế Lai (also known as Đế Ai 帝哀, or Emperor Ai, who was a descendant of Shennong),6 while in Lĩnh Nam chích quái she is the wife of Đế Lai. NGÔ SĨ LIÊN commented in the sử ký on the somewhat primitive nature of the relationship between the two progenitors, given that Lạc’s father Kinh Dương Vương and Âu’s grandfather Đế Nghi were brothers.7,a The story of Âu Cơ and Lạc Long Quân is taught widely in Vietnamese schools.8,9

       In her pamphlet about the Vietnam War, called simply “Vietnam“, the American author MARY MCCARTHY mentions the use of the Vietnamese creation myth by American agents seeking to rally patriotic support for South Vietnam.

References

  1. DÔNG PHONG PAPY, conte-nous ta terre lointaine. Page 15, 2009: “En effet, le peuple vietnamien descend du mariage du Roi Dragon et de la fée Âu Cơ. Le Roi Dragon avait son royaume dans les profondeurs de la mer et la fée Âu Cơ était originaire des montagnes qui bordent encore le delta du Fleuve …”.
  2. PHILIP TAYLOR. Modernity and Re-Enchantment: Religion in Post-Revolutionary Vietnam 2007. Page 68: “According to legend, all Vietnamese people can trace their ancestry back to the marriage of the dragon father Lạc Long Quân and the fairy mother Âu Cơ. This magical union produced an egg sac from which hatched one hundred human …”.
  3. LEEMING, DAVID ADAMS, Creation myths of the world: an encyclopedia, Vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, 2010. p. 270.
  4. NGHIA M. VO. Saigon: A History 2011– Page 285: “According to legend, King Lạc Long Quân wed fairy Âu Cơ who gave him 100 children. Both considered to be the ancestors of the Vietnamese nation, they later split up; taking 50 children, he settled along the coastal area and founded the …”.
  5. KEITH WELLER TAYLOR: The Birth of Vietnam. Revision of thesis (Ph.D.). Appendix A, p. 303. University of California Press (1991); ISBN 0-520-07417-3.
  6. HUANGFU MI. Records on Generations of Kings and Emperors 帝王世紀. Article “Shennong-shi“. Rulers from Shennong-shi were: (1) Shennong-shi 神農氏; (2) Emperor Lin Kui 帝临魁; (3) Emperor Cheng 帝承; (4) Emperor Ming 帝明; (5) Emperor Zhi 帝直; (6) Emperor Li 帝釐; (7) Emperor Ai 帝哀; and (8) Emperor Yu Wang 帝榆罔.1
  7. MARIE-CARINE LALL, EDWARD VICKERS. Education As a Political Tool in Asia. 2009. Page 143: “… the cradle of ‘Vietnamese-ness’. The history of the country really started around 800 bc with the Văn Lang kingship. Children learn about the legends of the nation’s birth, which feature heroic figures such as Kinh Dương Vương, Âu Cơ – Lạc Long Quân …”.

8.  JONATHAN D. London Education in Vietnam. 2011. Page 68: “Âu Cơ origin goddess“.

Sources

+ FRIEDMAN, AMY. “One Hundred Kings – a Legend of Ancient Vietnam“, South Florida Sun Sentinel, 12 July 2005, pg. 8.

+ TAYLOR, SANDRA C. Vietnamese Women at War (Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1999).

+ TURNER, KAREN GOTTSCHANG. Even the Women Must Fight (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998).

+ WILLING, INDIGO A. “The Adopted Vietnamese Community: From Fairy Tales to the Diaspora”, Michigan Quarterly Review 43, no. 4 (2004).

NOTES :
◊  Source:  wikipedia.com.
◊  Header title, citations, uppercase, bold, italic textes, featured sepia image has been set by Ban Tu Thư – thanhdiavietnamhoc.com

BAN TU THƯ
6 /2021

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